References / Heads, boxes & cylinders

Head box from below

A 16 × 20 × 24 cm head box on a body block at 2.5 m, camera 1.3 m tilted 8° up: the low three-quarter view.

Head box from below: A 16 × 20 × 24 cm head box on a body block at 2.5 m, camera 1.3 m tilted 8° up: the low three-quarter view.
Open in the 3-Point Perspective GridDownload PNGLesson: How to Draw the Head in Perspective (Tilt, Turn & Angles)

What to look at

The underside of the box is visible: jaw, nostrils and brow ridge in a real head.

Verticals converge upward; the far side of the box is narrower.

Turn the camera to change the three-quarter angle; the box stays the head's proportions.

What this scene is for

The head reduced to a 16 × 20 × 24 cm box on a body block, seen from slightly below on an 85 mm lens — portrait geometry rather than a wide-angle caricature. Use it for character drawing, comic panels and any portrait where the viewer is looking up.

The mistake it settles

Curving the features without turning the box. Every feature of a face sits on a plane of that box: the eye line, the brow, the base of the nose, the mouth. Get the box's tilt and turn right and the features follow; draw the features first and the head will fight you.

The camera

Lens85 mm on full frame
Camera height1.3 m above the floor (seated)
Rotation30° to the scene's axes
Tilt8° up (three vanishing points)
Objects0.42 × 0.24 × 1.48 m block · 0.16 × 0.2 × 0.24 m block
Floor1 m squares

Measured off this render

Taken from the same camera model the tool draws with, on the 1340 × 754 PNG above.

Angle of view23.9° across (85 mm on full frame)
Horizon68 px below the bottom edge — outside the picture
Depth-axis vanishing point1,175 px beyond the left edge
Width-axis vanishing point4,864 px beyond the right edge
Vertical pointZenith 22,135 px above the picture
ObjectDistanceHeight on the renderBelow the horizon
0.42 × 0.24 × 1.48 m block2.5 m2,036 px89%
0.16 × 0.2 × 0.24 m block2.5 m298 pxnone of it

Draw it from these numbers

  1. The horizon is off the bottom of the picture, 68 px below the edge, which is what makes everything loom.
  2. Two vanishing points on that line: 1,175 px beyond the left edge, and 4,864 px beyond the right edge — far enough out that you should match the grid angles instead of chasing it.
  3. Nothing here is truly vertical: the uprights lean to a zenith 22,135 px above the picture, so the lean is slight but it is there.
  4. Set the scale from the 0.42 × 0.24 × 1.48 m block at 2.5 m: 2,036 px tall, with 89% of it below the horizon. That share is the camera height divided by the object's height (1.3 ÷ 1.48 m), and it is the same for every object of that height anywhere in the picture.

Open the reference in the tool to move the camera, change the lens, or add your own objects at real sizes; the share link keeps your version. Draw over the PNG at 30–50% opacity in any app with layers.

Question

Why use a box for a head instead of a ball?

A ball has no orientation. The box carries the tilt, the turn and the three planes the face is built on, which is what tells you whether you should be seeing the underside of the jaw or the top of the skull. The ball comes back later, for the cranium.