References / Heads, boxes & cylinders

Head box from above

The same head box and body block from a camera at 2 m tilted 12° down: the high three-quarter view.

Head box from above: The same head box and body block from a camera at 2 m tilted 12° down: the high three-quarter view.
Open in the 3-Point Perspective GridDownload PNGLesson: How to Draw the Head in Perspective (Tilt, Turn & Angles)

What to look at

The top of the box is visible: the crown of the skull and the top plane of the nose.

Verticals converge downward toward the chin.

The eye line, a third of the way down the front face, curves with the box's top edge in a real head.

What this scene is for

The same head box from 2 m up, tilted 12° down: the view of anyone shorter than you, or a character looking down. Pair it with the from-below reference to see how far the features travel for a small change of camera height.

The mistake it settles

Keeping the eye line halfway down the head. Seen from above, the eye line curves with the top edge of the box and sits lower on the face than the usual halfway rule suggests; seen from below it curves the other way. The rule is for a level view only.

The camera

Lens85 mm on full frame
Camera height2 m above the floor (standing)
Rotation30° to the scene's axes
Tilt12° down (three vanishing points)
Objects0.42 × 0.24 × 1.48 m block · 0.16 × 0.2 × 0.24 m block
Floor1 m squares

Measured off this render

Taken from the same camera model the tool draws with, on the 1340 × 754 PNG above.

Angle of view23.9° across (85 mm on full frame)
Horizon296 px above the top edge — outside the picture
Depth-axis vanishing point1,197 px beyond the left edge
Width-axis vanishing point4,932 px beyond the right edge
Vertical pointNadir 14,508 px below the picture
ObjectDistanceHeight on the renderBelow the horizon
0.42 × 0.24 × 1.48 m block2.5 m1,600 pxall of it
0.16 × 0.2 × 0.24 m block2.5 m297 pxall of it

Draw it from these numbers

  1. The horizon is off the top of the picture, 296 px above the edge. Mark it on a larger sheet, or work from the grid: it is why every roof and every head is below you.
  2. Two vanishing points on that line: 1,197 px beyond the left edge, and 4,932 px beyond the right edge — far enough out that you should match the grid angles instead of chasing it.
  3. Nothing here is truly vertical: the uprights lean to a nadir 14,508 px below the picture, so the lean is slight but it is there.
  4. Set the scale from the 0.42 × 0.24 × 1.48 m block at 2.5 m, 1,600 px tall on the render; the horizon passes above it, so it is shorter than the 2 m camera.

Open the reference in the tool to move the camera, change the lens, or add your own objects at real sizes; the share link keeps your version. Draw over the PNG at 30–50% opacity in any app with layers.

Question

How much does the eye line move when the camera rises?

In this pair, moving the camera from 1.3 m to 2 m and tilting 12° down moves it a noticeable fraction of the head's height and reverses the curve of every horizontal feature. That is why portrait photographers argue about camera height at all.